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HISTORY
TIMELINE
Timeline of American Plains events from 1824 to 1890.
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A DAY IN THE LIFE DURING ...
THE AMERICAN PLAINS
by Jacquelin Cangro
Meet Little Running Fox, a young Sioux, and spend a day with
him as he embarks on his vision quest that marks his passage
into manhood.
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HOW, AND OTHER INDIAN MYTHS
Abigail Mieko Vargus
Today, our images of Native Americans waver somewhere between
the grizzled old man with braids, jeans, and a cowboy hat living
in Oklahoma, and a bead-covered chief a feather headdress who
says things like “White man no honor. Use thunder-weapon.
We kill.” Both are stereotypes – and inaccurate
at that. Take the Learning Through History true/ false quiz
below to find out if you can tell the difference between Indian
legend and Indian fact.
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WINTER COUNTS: RECORDING TIME AND HISTORY
Pamela Toler
The Sioux Indians measured a year from the first snow to the
next first snow. They measured this passage of time in an art
form called winter counts. Read how winter counts recorded
the winters from the present as far back as a community’s
collective memory would allow, sometimes more than one hundred
years.
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THE BIG DOG ON THE PLAINS
Carla Mooney
Countless stories and paintings feature the Native American
tribes and horses. But generations of Native Americans never
imagined an animal such as the horse. Life for these people
was much different than for their ancestors. Without the strength
and skill of the horse, important activities were difficult
and time-consuming – learn how the horse radically changed
tribal life.
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GROWING UP ARAPAHO
Margaret Mills
No matter where you live – in a city apartment building,
on a small town street, in a suburban subdivision – you
most likely see children playing with toys or games, spending
time with family, tending their chores. It was no different
a century and a half ago among the Arapahos, one of the plains
tribes. In many ways, an Arapaho childhood would be very familiar;
in other ways, very different – learn how.
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CHIEF BLACK KETTLE OF THE SOUTHERN CHEYENNES
Holly Lynn Anderson
Black Kettle served as a chief of the Southern Cheyennes during
the height of conflict between the Great Plains tribes and
the U.S. Army. Despite massacre and broken promises by the
army and violent acts of revenge by Cheyenne warriors, Black
Kettle never stopped believing in peace – find out why..
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FROM INDIANS TO AMERICANS
Abigail Mieko Vargus
The Indian Office – a.k.a., the Office of Indian Affairs
or the Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA) – was created in 1832. That was
around the time that the Plains Indians had to deal with expansion
by white settlers. Learn about their rocky relationship and
how the BIA shaped the fate of the tribal members.
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BISON: A SYMBOL OF LIFE AND SURVIVAL
Rachel Hartman
Imagine waking up on a chilly morning. A thick blanket covers you.
Soon your mother calls your name. You head to breakfast. Afterwards,
you ask to go outside. Before leaving, you grab a coat and small
snack to take with you.
Now consider this: What if these items – the blanket, dishes,
coat, and snack – all came from the same place? This could
have happened if you lived during the bison area. Read how the
tribes of the American Plains depended on this large animal for
food, clothing, shelter, and more.
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RESTORING THE EARTH: THE SUN DANCE
Mac Carey
Enter the world of the Sun Dancers, and learn about the preparations
for a ceremony they believed would relieve troubles and ensure
future prosperity by restoring the earth or even overcome
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QUANAH PARKER: A PATH BETWEEN TWO WORLDS
Deborah Bryson
On May 19,1836, after a brutal raid, Cynthia Ann Parker was
carried off into an unknown future, leaving behind her grieving
and dead relatives. No one could have predicted that one day
Cynthia Ann’s son, Chief Quanah Parker, would unite two
warring cultures and bring peace to the vast southwest plains – find
out how.
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PLAINS ON FIRE! THE GREAT SIOUX UPRISING OF 1862
Deborah Bryson
On December 26, 1862, a crowd gathered in downtown Mankato,
Minn. Thirty-eight Native American men from the Santee Sioux
tribes mounted a wooden scaffold. Spectators cheered the largest
single-day execution in United States history. Explore how
this mass execution marked the road that led to the Battle
of Little Big Horn and the Wounded Knee Massacre.
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A HISTORY IN PICTURES: PLAINS INDIAN LEDGER ART
Jennifer Enzor
Do you save pictures and mementos in a scrapbook? Do you keep
a journal? Do you collect postcards from your favorite trips?
If so, you have something in common with the Native Americans
from the American plains. See how the tribes of the American
plains marked their life’s milestones through ledger
art.
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THE CASE OF THE LITTLE BIG LOSER
Brett A. Mills
Listen in as the history detective, Joe Bygoneday, schools
a young student on the subject of her history report on the
Battle of Little Bighorn: Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong
Custer.
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THE NATIVE AMERICAN BOARDING SCHOOL MOVEMENT
Valerie Hunter
As the nineteenth century wore on, many government officials
realized that the settlers and the Native Americans needed
to live together peacefully. To the American government, this
meant teaching the Native Americans to adopt the lifestyle
of the settlers. There was considered no better way to do this
than by educating Native
youth. Go inside the boarding schools designed for this purpose.
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THE MESSIAH CRAZE AT WOUNDED KNEE CREEK
Virginia Stevens
A blizzard swept across the prairie, covering the bodies that
lay where they had fallen.. A photographer set up his tripod
and began to take pictures of the dead scattered across the
prairie near Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota. Learn how years
of fear and hatred between the white people and the Sioux nation,
a Sioux “messiah craze”, fearful settlers and the
reaction of the U.S. Calvary ended in a massacre.
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